{"id":140,"date":"2024-03-30T14:05:52","date_gmt":"2024-03-30T13:05:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tti.eramet.com\/?p=140"},"modified":"2025-08-19T13:44:06","modified_gmt":"2025-08-19T12:44:06","slug":"gorilles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/lekedi-biodiversite.org\/fr\/pensionnaires\/gorilles\/","title":{"rendered":"Gorilles"},"content":{"rendered":"

LE GORILLE (Gorilla gorilla)<\/em><\/h3>\n

\"\"TAILLE<\/h4>\n

Hauteur 130-150 cm (femelle), 140-185 cm (m\u00e2le)<\/p>\n

Poids 68-114 kg (femelle), 160-210 kg (m\u00e2le)<\/p>\n

DESCRIPTION<\/h4>\n

Tr\u00e8s grand primate au tronc arrondi recouvert assez uniform\u00e9ment de poils, sauf sur la face et la poitrine. Les sourcils rectilignes se rejoignent et le bord des narines est relev\u00e9 ; Les femelles sont beaucoup plus petites que les m\u00e2les. Le pelage du gorille de plaine est ras et brun\u00e2tre. Chez les m\u00e2les matures, le creux du dos dit \u00ab la selle \u00bb, grisonne ou blanchit avec l’\u00e2ge, d’o\u00f9 le qualificatif de \u00ab dos argent\u00e9 \u00bb appliqu\u00e9 aux vieux m\u00e2les.<\/p>\n

HABITAT<\/h4>\n

Les populations des plaines vivent dans les for\u00eats tropicales ; sur une partie de leur aire en Afrique de l’Ouest, les gorilles habitent les for\u00eats pluvieuses mixtes o\u00f9 les fruits jouent un r\u00f4le important dans le r\u00e9gime alimentaire des animaux qui grimpent souvent aux arbres pour s’en nourrir.<\/p>\n

ALIMENTATION<\/h4>\n

Les gorilles des plaines absorbent de grande quantit\u00e9 de fruits et le gingembre sauvage (Aframomum).<\/p>\n

COMPORTEMENT<\/h4>\n

Les gorilles forment de petits harems non territoriaux domin\u00e9s par un m\u00e2le adulte. Les jeunes m\u00e2les sont chass\u00e9s et les femelles changent assez souvent de groupe. Des femelles sont attir\u00e9es par des m\u00e2les adultes solitaires et ces couples primaires forment les liens les plus solides (les femelles adultes ne se lient pas aux autres femelles adultes). Lorsque des femelles rejoignent un couple pr\u00e9\u00e9tabli, l’anciennet\u00e9 de leur arriv\u00e9e d\u00e9termine l’ordre hi\u00e9rarchique.<\/p>\n

Les gorilles ne d\u00e9fendent pas de territoire et le domaine vital de chaque groupe recoupe normalement ceux de ses voisins. En cas de rencontre inopin\u00e9e, ils \u00e9vitent le contact. La moiti\u00e9 de la journ\u00e9e est utilis\u00e9e \u00e0 la recherche de nourriture, avec ou sans d\u00e9placements. Les gorilles ont un comportement rappelant celui des ruminants en ce qu’ils s’accordent de longues p\u00e9riodes de repos. Les strat\u00e9gies d’\u00e9vitement sont facilit\u00e9es par les fr\u00e9quents signaux \u00e9mis par les m\u00e2les dominants. Le cri le plus fr\u00e9quent ressemble assez au hurlement du chimpanz\u00e9. Il s’agit d’un cri retentissant, allant crescendo, et qui culmine par une d\u00e9monstration des poings frappant la poitrine (percussions qui s’entendent \u00e0 plus de 2 km \u00e0 la ronde). Presque toujours \u00e9mis par les m\u00e2les, des aboiements, rugissements et autres cris vari\u00e9s signalent divers \u00e9tats d’inqui\u00e9tude.<\/p>\n

Lorsque par extraordinaire deux m\u00e2les voisins n’ont su s’\u00e9viter, ils se mettent \u00e0 rugir, \u00e0 se frapper la poitrine, \u00e0 frapper la poitrine, \u00e0 frapper la v\u00e9g\u00e9tation et \u00e0 charger. Il est tr\u00e8s rare que ces d\u00e9monstrations de force culminent en un v\u00e9ritable combat. Le m\u00eame \u00e9talage de violence accueille les intrus, hommes, pr\u00e9dateurs ou herbivores concurrents. Contrairement aux m\u00e2les dominants, les femelles et les jeunes sont calmes, r\u00e9serv\u00e9s. Leur r\u00e9pertoire de grognements et g\u00e9missements est assez restreint.<\/p>\n

Les gorilles se reproduisent tr\u00e8s lentement, avec en moyenne un petit tous les quatre ans (soit un maximum d’environ 10 par femelle). Les m\u00e8res s’occupent sans rel\u00e2che de leurs petits et les m\u00e2les dominants sont toujours en alerte lorsqu’il s’agit de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des membres du groupe, pr\u00eats \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre les jeunes contre tout intrus. Les gorilles vivent entre 50 et 60 ans.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

LE GORILLE (Gorilla gorilla) TAILLE Hauteur 130-150 cm (femelle), 140-185 cm (m\u00e2le) Poids 68-114 kg (femelle), 160-210 kg (m\u00e2le) DESCRIPTION Tr\u00e8s grand primate au tronc arrondi recouvert assez uniform\u00e9ment de poils, sauf sur la face et la poitrine. Les sourcils rectilignes se rejoignent et le bord des narines est relev\u00e9<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":269,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,14,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-140","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-emblematiques","category-pensionnaires","category-primates"],"yoast_head":"\nGorilles - Fondation L\u00e9k\u00e9di Biodiversit\u00e9<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/lekedi-biodiversite.org\/fr\/pensionnaires\/gorilles\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Gorilles - Fondation L\u00e9k\u00e9di Biodiversit\u00e9\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"LE GORILLE (Gorilla gorilla) TAILLE Hauteur 130-150 cm (femelle), 140-185 cm (m\u00e2le) Poids 68-114 kg (femelle), 160-210 kg (m\u00e2le) DESCRIPTION Tr\u00e8s grand primate au tronc arrondi recouvert assez uniform\u00e9ment de poils, sauf sur la face et la poitrine. 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